The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious cup on fourteen separate occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the net in the opening stages.
However, Marseille struck twice late to take a surprise advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the final moments to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 shootout win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.